# US Executive Order 14110 (2023)

US Executive Order 14110, signed October 30, 2023, establishes federal principles for safe, secure, and trustworthy AI development, mandating standards, equity, and innovation across government agencies.

US Executive Order 14110, titled "Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence," was signed by President Joe Biden on October 30, 2023. The order represents the first major U.S. federal policy framework specifically addressing artificial intelligence, directing over 50 federal agencies to implement new standards for AI safety, privacy, equity, and innovation. It builds on prior voluntary commitments from major AI developers and aims to balance technological advancement with public protection.

The executive order establishes a comprehensive approach to AI governance, covering areas from national security to civil rights. It mandates the development of technical standards, requires safety testing for powerful AI models, and calls for workforce training and international cooperation. The order also creates new federal positions and advisory bodies to coordinate AI policy across the government.

## Key Provisions and Safety Standards

The order directs the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to develop guidelines for AI safety, including red-team testing and risk assessment protocols. It requires developers of the most powerful [artificial-intelligence](https://www.wikiprompt.org/wiki/artificial-intelligence) systems to share safety test results with the federal government before public release. The order specifically targets models that could pose serious risks to national security, economic security, or public health.

Under the order, the Department of Commerce must propose rules requiring foreign and domestic AI developers to report on training runs for large-scale models. This includes information about model architecture, training data, and computational resources. The order also mandates the development of standards for watermarking AI-generated content to help distinguish synthetic from authentic media.

## Civil Rights and Equity Measures

The order addresses algorithmic discrimination by directing federal agencies to ensure that AI systems used in housing, employment, and benefits administration comply with civil rights laws. The Department of Justice is tasked with investigating and prosecuting AI-related discrimination cases. The order also calls for guidance on AI use in the criminal justice system, including sentencing, parole, and predictive policing.

The Federal Trade Commission is directed to use its existing authority to protect consumers from AI-enabled fraud and deception. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau must address AI-related financial discrimination. The order also establishes a White House initiative on equity and excellence in AI to promote fair treatment across all federal programs.

## Privacy and Data Protection

The order calls for federal legislation to strengthen privacy protections, including data minimization and privacy-preserving techniques. It directs the Office of Management and Budget to issue guidance on how federal agencies can protect Americans' privacy when using AI. The order also promotes research into privacy-enhancing technologies such as [differential-privacy](https://www.wikiprompt.org/wiki/differential-privacy) and [federated-learning](https://www.wikiprompt.org/wiki/federated-learning) methods.

Federal agencies are required to assess their current data collection practices and implement safeguards against AI-enabled surveillance. The order specifically addresses the use of biometric data and facial recognition, requiring agencies to evaluate potential biases and accuracy issues before deployment.

## Innovation and Competition

To maintain U.S. leadership in AI, the order directs federal agencies to expand research funding in areas like [machine-learning](https://www.wikiprompt.org/wiki/machine-learning), [deep-learning](https://www.wikiprompt.org/wiki/deep-learning), and [neural-network](https://www.wikiprompt.org/wiki/neural-network) architectures. It establishes a National AI Research Resource pilot program to provide researchers with access to computational tools and data. The order also calls for streamlining visa processes for AI experts and students to attract global talent.

The Department of Energy is tasked with supporting AI research for scientific discovery, including climate modeling and materials science. The order encourages public-private partnerships, noting the importance of companies like [openai](https://www.wikiprompt.org/wiki/openai), [anthropic](https://www.wikiprompt.org/wiki/anthropic), and [google-deepmind](https://www.wikiprompt.org/wiki/google-deepmind) in advancing the field. It also directs the Small Business Administration to help small businesses adopt AI technologies.

## Workforce and Education

The order creates a National AI Talent Surge to hire AI specialists across federal agencies. It directs the Department of Education to develop AI-related educational resources for K-12 and higher education. The order also calls for programs to train workers in AI skills, particularly in communities affected by automation.

The Department of Labor must study AI's impact on the workforce and issue guidance on job displacement and worker retraining. The order emphasizes the need for AI literacy among the general public and supports research into human-AI collaboration, building on work from institutions like [mit-csail](https://www.wikiprompt.org/wiki/mit-csail) and [stanford-ai-lab](https://www.wikiprompt.org/wiki/stanford-ai-lab).

## Government Use and Procurement

The order requires federal agencies to inventory their AI systems and assess their compliance with safety and equity standards. It establishes an interagency council to coordinate AI policy and creates the role of Chief AI Officer in each major agency. The Office of Management and Budget must issue guidance on AI procurement, ensuring that government contracts meet federal standards.

The order also directs the General Services Administration to develop a framework for AI acquisition, including testing and validation requirements. Agencies are required to publish annual reports on their AI use, promoting transparency and accountability.

## International Cooperation and National Security

The order calls for U.S. leadership in international AI governance, including participation in global forums and agreements. It directs the State Department to work with allies on AI standards and norms, particularly regarding military applications. The order also emphasizes the need to prevent AI-enabled threats to critical infrastructure and cybersecurity.

The Department of Homeland Security is tasked with developing AI applications for border security and disaster response while ensuring civil liberties protections. The order also addresses AI's role in nuclear nonproliferation and biosecurity, requiring risk assessments for potential misuse.

## Implementation and Timeline

The order sets specific deadlines for agency actions, with most requirements due within 90 to 365 days of signing. The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy oversees implementation, supported by the newly created AI Council. The order also establishes a public reporting mechanism for AI incidents and safety concerns.

While the order is binding on federal agencies, it relies on existing statutory authorities rather than new legislation. Some provisions require congressional action to become permanent law. As of early 2025, implementation continues, with several agencies having issued draft guidance and rules. The order represents a foundational step in U.S. AI policy, though its long-term impact depends on enforcement and future administrations.

## Reactions and Criticisms

The order received mixed reactions from industry and advocacy groups. Technology companies generally welcomed the clarity but expressed concerns about compliance costs and innovation constraints. Civil rights organizations praised the equity provisions but called for stronger enforcement mechanisms. Some researchers argued that the order's focus on large models may overlook risks from smaller, specialized AI systems.

International observers noted that the order aligns with broader global trends toward AI regulation, including the European Union's AI Act. The order also sparked debate about the balance between national security and open research, particularly regarding export controls on AI chips and models. Despite criticisms, the order established a precedent for comprehensive AI governance in the United States.

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Source: https://www.wikiprompt.org/wiki/us-executive-order-14110-2023
License: CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
Last updated: 2026-09-14T04:08:35.028975+00:00